ISSN: 1449-2288International Journal of Biological Sciences
Global reach, higher impact
Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20(4):1452-1470. doi:10.7150/ijbs.90226 This issue Cite
Research Paper
PSME2 offers value as a biomarker of M1 macrophage infiltration in pan-cancer and inhibits osteosarcoma malignant phenotypes
1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
2. General Surgery Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
3. Department of orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue injury repair, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
4. Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China.
5. Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
6. Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.
7. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
†Equal contribution.
Abstract
A growing number of studies have revealed an association between proteasome activator complex subunit 2 (PSME2) and the progression of various forms of cancer. However, the effect of PSME2 on osteosarcoma progression is unknown. Pan-cancer analyses focused on the immunological activity and prognostic relevance of PSME2 have yet to be conducted. The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genome-Tissue Expression databases were leveraged to evaluate PSME2 expression and activity across 33 cancer types. Significant PSME2 dysregulation was noted in a wide range of cancer types and this gene was found to offer significant diagnostic and prognostic utility in most analyzed cancers. From a mechanistic perspective, PSME2 expression levels were correlated with DNA methylation, DNA repair, genomic instability, and TME scores in multiple cancer types. PSME2 was subsequently established as a pan-cancer biomarker of M1 macrophage infiltration based on a combination of bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic data and confirmatory fluorescent staining results. In osteosarcoma cells, overexpressing PSME2 significantly suppressed tumor proliferative, migratory, and invasive activity. Screening efforts also successfully identified the PSME2-activating drug irinotecan, which can synergistically promote the death of osteosarcoma cells when combined with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel. As a biomarker of M1 macrophage infiltration, PSME2 expression levels may offer insight into tumor development and progression for a wide range of cancers including osteosarcoma, emphasizing its potential utility as a prognostic and therapeutic target worthy of further study.
Keywords: Pan-cancer analysis, M1 macrophage, genome instability, immunotherapy, Molecular Docking
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